This open-access volume explores translations of catechisms produced during the Early Modern period (1450–1800). Bringing together sixteen case studies from across Europe’s ‘peripheries’ (such as the ‘Celtic fringe’ and the Baltic-speaking regions) and from areas affected by European colonial expansion (such as Greenland, Central America, and India), the volume reveals how Christian denominations—Catholic as well as Protestant—adapted catechisms for diverse audiences. The multiform strategies of translation provide not only important linguistic data, but also fascinating insights into complex processes of accommodation. The creativity of the translators contributed to the shaping of written registers, language standardization, lexical innovations, and even the introduction of literacy.